What is a linear demand curve?
It assumes demand declines by the same number of units for each one-unit increase in price. Real demand can be curved, segmented, or disrupted by competitors.
Use a linear demand curve and cost structure to estimate a profit-maximizing price.
Model price, volume, revenue, cost, profit, and demand elasticity in one view.
Demand = a − b × price. The unconstrained optimal price = (a + b × variable cost) ÷ (2 × b), constrained to your minimum and maximum prices.
Examples assume a linear demand curve and period-level fixed costs.
| Inputs | Result | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Fixed cost $10,000; unit cost $20; a = 10,000; b = 100; price limits $10–$100 | Price $60.00; quantity 4,000; profit $150,000.00 | The unconstrained optimum lies within the stated range. |
| Fixed cost $0; unit cost $10; a = 1,000; b = 10; price limits $5–$40 | Price $40.00; quantity 600; profit $18,000.00 | The unconstrained optimum is higher, so the maximum price binds. |
| Fixed cost $5,000; unit cost $15; a = 5,000; b = 50; price limits $20–$80 | Price $57.50; quantity 2,125; profit $85,312.50 | The calculated profit-maximizing price is within the stated range. |
It assumes demand declines by the same number of units for each one-unit increase in price. Real demand can be curved, segmented, or disrupted by competitors.
The unconstrained optimum can sit above your commercial ceiling. The calculator then uses the maximum price you entered and recalculates quantity and profit there.
Only if you incorporate their effects in price, costs, or the estimated demand curve. Sales tax and promotional markdowns are not added automatically.
Yes, if units and costs can be defined consistently. Capacity, delivery time, and quality constraints still need a separate check before a price is published.